Zalema Grape: The Treasure of the Denomination of Origin Condado de Huelva

Andalusia, land of sun, flamenco, and joy, is also home to a unique grape: the Zalema. This native variety, dominant in the Denomination of Origin Condado de Huelva, stands as the undisputed protagonist of the region's white wines.

Known for its versatility, Zalema produces wines with a wide range of styles, from fresh and fruity to complex and aged. Its Atlantic character, shaped by its proximity to the ocean, gives the wines a refreshing acidity and saline notes that make them ideal for pairing with fish, seafood, and the rich Andalusian cuisine.

History and Origin of the Zalema Grape

The history of the Zalema grape dates back to centuries of winemaking tradition in southern Spain. This variety has managed to withstand the historical and climatic adversities that have shaped Andalusian viticulture.

Resistance to Phylloxera

One of the characteristics that has allowed Zalema's survival is its remarkable resistance to phylloxera, a devastating pest that affected many crops in the early 20th century. This resistance has been crucial to its expansion and consolidation in the region.

Importance in Condado de Huelva

The Condado de Huelva has been a key place in the history of Spanish wine. Zalema has enjoyed a prominent status, representing approximately 86% of the vineyards in the area. This high percentage highlights its importance to the local economy and Andalusian winemaking culture.

• Its adaptability to different soil conditions.
• The ability to produce a wide range of wines.
• Its role in the history of wine used in expeditions, such as that of Christopher Columbus.
  Thus, the Zalema grape is not only part of the local winemaking heritage, but also plays a significant role in the cultural identity of Condado de Huelva.

Characteristics of the Zalema Variety

The Zalema variety has distinctive characteristics that make it unique in the Andalusian wine scene. Its development and adaptation to local conditions are highlighted in this section.

Physical Description and Adaptability

Zalema is characterized by medium to large-sized grapes, with a yellow-green color and a medium-thick skin. The clusters are large, compact, and have a spherical and flattened shape. This grape adapts very well to its environment, thriving in poor, neutral alluvial soils typical of the Guadalquivir River basin.

Its drought resistance makes it particularly well-suited for cultivation in a region like Condado de Huelva, which enjoys a warm, sunny climate. This adaptability ensures its continuity in local winemaking production.

Sensitivity to Diseases

Despite its qualities, Zalema is not immune to phytosanitary issues. While it is resistant to phylloxera and not very susceptible to oidium or botrytis, it has vulnerabilities during late harvests. In such conditions, it may be affected by the grapevine moth, which can compromise the quality of the harvest.

• Resistance to phylloxera
• Resilience to oidium and botrytis
• Risk of grapevine moth in late harvests

Winemaking and Styles of Zalema Wines

The production of wines from this grape is varied and rich in nuances. The winemaking processes allow for the development of different styles that cater to even the most discerning palates.

Dry and Fruity Wines

Dry wines made from Zalema are known for their freshness and fruity character. With a color range from straw yellow to yellow-green, these wines show citrus and stone fruit notes. On the palate, they are known for their lightness, making them perfect companions for fish and seafood dishes.

Semi-sweet and Sparkling Wines

Additionally, semi-sweet wines are made, offering a perfect balance of sweetness and acidity. These wines typically feature a wide range of floral and fruity aromas. On the other hand, Zalema sparkling wines have also gained recognition, produced using traditional methods that preserve freshness and add elegant bubbles.

Fortified Wines

Finally, fortified wines stand out for their complexity and are similar to the famous fino and amontillado wines of Jerez. Zalema used for these wines can develop oxidative notes that enhance its structure. Varieties like 'Condado Pálido' and 'Condado Viejo' are especially valued and represent the winemaking legacy of the region.

Denomination of Origin Condado de Huelva

The Condado de Huelva is a region with a rich winemaking tradition, where the diversity of its land and climate favors the production of high-quality wines.

Role of Zalema

Zalema occupies a prominent place within the Denomination of Origin Condado de Huelva. It represents approximately 86% of the vineyards protected by this denomination. Its ability to adapt to the soils and climate of the region has solidified its role as the predominant variety.

The wines derived from this grape are an authentic expression of the local terroir. Zalema is used in the production of dry, semi-sweet, and fortified wines, all of which have unique characteristics reflecting the character of the region.

Comparison with Other Varieties

In Condado de Huelva, Zalema stands out from other varieties such as Pedro Ximénez and Moscatel. While these also play an important role, Zalema is distinguished by its ability to produce fresh and fruity wines that are appreciated worldwide.

• Pedro Ximénez is more known for its sweetness and richness in fortified wines.
• Moscatel imparts floral aromatic notes, but its cultivation is more limited compared to Zalema.

Zalema's versatility allows winemakers to experiment and develop different styles that highlight the identity of Condado de Huelva within the broader Spanish wine industry.

Planting and Cultivation of Zalema Grape

The planting and cultivation of this variety take place under specific conditions that favor its development and resilience. Traditional methods have proven effective over the years.

Vase Training System

The most widely used training method for Zalema is the vase system, characterized by:

• Formation of low cups that allow for better sun exposure.
• Facilitation of manual harvest of the grapes.
• Effective control of humidity and ventilation in the vines.

Planting Density and Soils

The average planting density for Zalema is around 2,500 vines per hectare. This layout maximizes space and encourages the proper growth of each plant. Zalema thrives in poor, neutral alluvial soils, which provide high fertility and yield.

Drought Resistance

One of the most prominent features of the Zalema grape is its drought resistance. This ability makes it an ideal choice for cultivation in warm, sunny regions. This resistance ensures the continuity of its production, even in adverse environmental conditions.

Fun Facts

• Zalema is one of the oldest varieties in Spain, with references dating back to the 16th century.
• Its name comes from the Arabic "assalám 'alík", meaning "peace be upon you," reflecting the cultural influence in the region.
• It adapts perfectly to the warm climate and sandy soils of Condado de Huelva.
• While predominant in Huelva, it is also grown in other parts of Andalusia, such as Cádiz and Sevilla.

Are You Ready to Discover Zalema Wines?

If you’re looking to enjoy an exceptional wine made from Zalema grapes, we recommend Viña Barredero. This white wine, produced by Bodegas Contreras Ruiz, captures the essence of Condado de Huelva with its freshness and elegance. The low-temperature fermentation and aging on fine lees for 90 days give it a creamy texture and refined aromas.

You can purchase this wine from the online store of Bodegas de Andalucía, where you will find a curated selection of wines from the region. Don’t miss the chance to bring home a bottle of this excellent wine and discover why Zalema is gaining such recognition in the wine world. Place your order today and enjoy the authentic essence of Andalusia in every glass!